The technical drawing, as we understand it today, was developed thanks to the French mathematician Gaspar Monge (1746-1818). The graphical representation methods that existed until that time did not make it possible to convey the idea of objects completely, correct and accurate. Monge created a method that allows to represent, with accuracy, objects that have three dimensions (length, width and height) on flat surfaces, as, for example, a sheet of paper, which has only two dimensions (length and width).
This method, which came to be known as the Mongoan method, is used in descriptive geometry. And the principles of descriptive geometry form the basis of technical drawing.
The technical drawing, unlike the artistic, must accurately convey all the characteristics of the object it represents. To achieve this, the designer must follow previously established rules, calls for technical standards. Thus, all elements of the technical drawing comply with technical standards, i.e, are normalized. Each occupational area has its own technical drawing, according to specific standards.
Below is the complete technical drawing booklet. Great material for study and reference.
Technical drawing: Complete handout